Of Reformists, Nationalists, and FeministsAnkita Pandey WOMEN, EDUCATION AND POLITICS: THE WOMEN'S MOVEMENT AND DELHI'S INDRAPRASTHA COLLEGE By Meena Bhargava and Kalyani Dutta Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2005, pp. viii+169, Rs.450.00 VOLUME XXXVI NUMBER 1 January 2012 It is through the situated/local that several important historical
interventions have been made regarding the national/general. Overarching
theoretical formulations are invaluable conceptual tools that get their
competence from historically and materially specific events. Women's
Studies is one of the disciplines where we see this emphasis on the
situated with a political force. It is as though the very act of
theorizing patriarchy or gender or even the category of woman, pushes
the discipline towards the specific. The various histories of patriarchy
along caste, class and regional variations have been compelling Women's
studies to embark upon specific and micro studies. The book under
review is an attempt in this direction. It looks at the space occupied
by Indraprastha College for Women in Delhi as a site of women's
education and women's history within anti-colonial move-ment. The book's
resources include archival and private records, interviews, oral
narratives, magazines and newspaper archive. To my mind, the narrow
object of its study is its asset. Women's education especially when
studied at the specific and local level can throw up insights into
understanding colonial and postcolonial politics.
Despite the caution that many feminist historians advise, the nineteenth
century initiatives of social reform are considered among the most
significant attempts to educate women. Among other reformist calls like
widow remarriage and banning sati, making education available for women
was a central aspect. This period witnessed first institutions providing
educational access to women, and also simultaneous phenomena of women's
writings or autobiographies that were efforts of women to gain access
to education outside of institutional affiliation. However, in the light
of feminist historical interventions like that of Lata Mani, social
reform lost much of its credibility as a feminist enterprise.1 A similar
enthusiasm to educate women was also displayed by nationalist
patriarchs who interlocked the idea of women’s education with national
regeneration. Partha Chatterjee2 understands this enthusiasm as placing
women at the centre of the 'inner' domain, crucial to nationalist
politics. However, women were not substancially empowered even decades
after Independence, despite the gradual but constant rise of women's
access to formal education. Women's movement no longer thinks of
availability of formal education as an unproblematic remedy. The period
this book covers (1904-1950s) has been studied by several feminist
historians all whom would agree that the agenda of women’s education may
or may not be a feminist affair.
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